Powered By JamPang
QQ:847885907
https://jampang.cn/
SpringMVC笔记
其他部分
6、跳转
6.1、ModelAndView
设置ModelAndView对象 , 根据view的名称 , 和视图解析器跳到指定的页面 .
页面 : {视图解析器前缀} + viewName +{视图解析器后缀}
<!-- 视图解析器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
id="internalResourceViewResolver">
<!-- 前缀 -->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
<!-- 后缀 -->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
对应的controller类
public class ControllerTest1 implements Controller {
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest,HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception {
//返回一个模型视图对象
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
mv.addObject("msg","ControllerTest1");
mv.setViewName("test");
return mv;
}
}
6.2、Servlet API
通过设置ServletAPI , 不需要视图解析器 .
1、通过HttpServletResponse进行输出
2、通过HttpServletResponse实现重定向
3、通过HttpServletResponse实现转发
@Controller
public class Test1 {
@RequestMapping("/t1")
public void test1(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throwsIOException {
rsp.sendRedirect("/index.jsp");
}
@RequestMapping("/t2")
public void test3(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throwsException {
//转发
req.setAttribute("msg","t2");
req.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/test.jsp").forward(request,response);
}
}
6.3、SpringMVC
通过SpringMVC来实现转发和重定向 - 无需视图解析器;
测试前,需要将视图解析器注释掉
@Controller
public class Test2 {
@RequestMapping("/t3")
public String test3(){
//转发
return "/index.jsp";
}
@RequestMapping("/t4")
public String test4(){
//转发二
return "forward:/index.jsp";
}
@RequestMapping("/t5")
public String test5(){
//重定向
return "redirect:/index.jsp";
}
}
通过SpringMVC来实现转发和重定向 - 有视图解析器;
重定向 , 不需要视图解析器 , 本质就是重新请求一个新地方嘛 , 所以注意路径问题.
可以重定向到另外一个请求实现 .
@Controller
public class Test3 {
@RequestMapping("/t6")
public String test6(){
//转发
return "test";
}
@RequestMapping("/t7")
public String test7(){
//重定向
return "redirect:/index.jsp";
}
}
7、数据处理
项目:spring-04-controller
7.1、处理提交数据
1、提交的域名称和处理方法的参数名一致
提交数据 : localhost:8080/hello?name=jam
@RequestMapping("/user")
public String test1(String name){
System.out.println(name);
return "test";
}
2、提交的域名称和处理方法的参数名不一致
提交数据 : localhost:8080/hello?username=jam
@RequestMapping("/t2")
public String test2(@RequestParam("username") String name){
System.out.println(name);
return "test";
}
3、提交的是一个对象
要求提交的表单域和对象的属性名一致 , 参数使用对象即可
1、实体类User.java
public class User {
private int id;
private String name;
private int age;
}
2、提交数据 : localhost:8080/mvc04/user?id=1&name=jam&age=18
@RequestMapping("/t3")
public String user(User user){
System.out.println(user);
return "test";
}
说明:如果使用对象的话,前端传递的参数名和对象名必须一致,否则就是null。
7.2、数据显示到前端
第一种 : 通过ModelAndView
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception {
//返回一个模型视图对象
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
mv.addObject("msg","ControllerTest1");
mv.setViewName("test");
return mv;
}
}
第二种 : 通过ModelMap
ModelMap
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public String hello(@RequestParam("username") String name, ModelMap model){
//封装要显示到视图中的数据
model.addAttribute("name",name);
System.out.println(name);
return "hello";
}
第三种 : 通过Model
@RequestMapping("/ct2/hello")
public String hello(@RequestParam("username") String name, Model model){
//封装要显示到视图中的数据
//相当于req.setAttribute("name",name);
model.addAttribute("msg",name);
System.out.println(name);
return "test";
}
7.4、Model与ModelMap对比
就对于新手而言简单来说使用区别就是:
Model 只有寥寥几个方法只适合用于储存数据,简化了新手对于Model对象的操作和理解;
ModelMap 继承了 LinkedMap ,除了实现了自身的一些方法,同样的继承 LinkedMap 的方法和特性;
ModelAndView 可以在储存数据的同时,可以进行设置返回的逻辑视图,进行控制展示层的跳转。
当然更多的以后开发考虑的更多的是性能和优化,就不能单单仅限于此的了解。
8、乱码问题
8.1、过滤器写法
新建filter包,新建EncodingFilter.java
public class EncodingFilter implements Filter {
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
}
public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
servletRequest.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
servletResponse.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse);
}
public void destroy() {
}
}
在web.xml中配置过滤器
<!--过滤器解决乱码问题-->
<filter>
<filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.jam.filter.EncodingFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
8.2、SpringMVC内置
将下面代码在Web.xml中配置
<filter>
<filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>utf-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
8.3、终极解决方案
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* 解决get和post请求 全部乱码的过滤器
*/
public class GenericEncodingFilter implements Filter {
@Override
public void destroy() {
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
//处理response的字符编码
HttpServletResponse myResponse=(HttpServletResponse) response;
myResponse.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
// 转型为与协议相关对象
HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = (HttpServletRequest) request;
// 对request包装增强
HttpServletRequest myrequest = new MyRequest(httpServletRequest);
chain.doFilter(myrequest, response);
}
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
}
}
//自定义request对象,HttpServletRequest的包装类
class MyRequest extends HttpServletRequestWrapper {
private HttpServletRequest request;
//是否编码的标记
private boolean hasEncode;
//定义一个可以传入HttpServletRequest对象的构造函数,以便对其进行装饰
public MyRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
super(request);// super必须写
this.request = request;
}
// 对需要增强方法 进行覆盖
@Override
public Map getParameterMap() {
// 先获得请求方式
String method = request.getMethod();
if (method.equalsIgnoreCase("post")) {
// post请求
try {
// 处理post乱码
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
return request.getParameterMap();
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} else if (method.equalsIgnoreCase("get")) {
// get请求
Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = request.getParameterMap();
if (!hasEncode) { // 确保get手动编码逻辑只运行一次
for (String parameterName : parameterMap.keySet()) {
String[] values = parameterMap.get(parameterName);
if (values != null) {
for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
try {
// 处理get乱码
values[i] = new String(values[i]
.getBytes("ISO-8859-1"), "utf-8");
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
hasEncode = true;
}
return parameterMap;
}
return super.getParameterMap();
}
//取一个值
@Override
public String getParameter(String name) {
Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = getParameterMap();
String[] values = parameterMap.get(name);
if (values == null) {
return null;
}
return values[0]; // 取回参数的第一个值
}
//取所有值
@Override
public String[] getParameterValues(String name) {
Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = getParameterMap();
String[] values = parameterMap.get(name);
return values;
}
}
web.xml
<filter>
<filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.jam.filter.GenericEncodingFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
9、Jackson
项目:spring-05-json
9.1、使用Jackson
Jackson应该是目前比较好的json解析工具了
当然工具不止这一个,比如还有阿里巴巴的 fastjson 等等。
我们这里使用Jackson,使用它需要导入它的jar包;
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.11.0</version>
</dependency>
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<!--1.注册DispatcherServlet-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!--关联一个springmvc的配置文件:【servlet-name】-servlet.xml-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!--启动级别-1-->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<!--/ 匹配所有的请求;(不包括.jsp)-->
<!--/* 匹配所有的请求;(包括.jsp)-->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<filter>
<filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>utf-8</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
springmvc-servlet.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!-- 自动扫描包,让指定包下的注解生效,由IOC容器统一管理 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.jam.controller"/>
<!-- 让Spring MVC不处理静态资源 (比如:.css .js .html .mp3 .mp4)-->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler />
<!--
支持mvc注解驱动
在spring中一般采用@RequestMapping注解来完成映射关系
要想使@RequestMapping注解生效
必须向上下文中注册DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping
和一个AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter实例
这两个实例分别在类级别和方法级别处理。
而annotation-driven配置帮助我们自动完成上述两个实例的注入。
-->
<mvc:annotation-driven />
<!-- 视图解析器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
id="internalResourceViewResolver">
<!-- 前缀 -->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
<!-- 后缀 -->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
</beans>
实体类:User.java
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
//需要导入lombok
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class User {
private String name;
private int age;
private String sex;
}
UserController.java
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.jam.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
@Controller
public class UserController {
@RequestMapping("/j1")
@ResponseBody //它就不会走视图解析器,会直接返回一个字符串
public String json1() throws JsonProcessingException {
//jackson ObjectMapper
ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
//创建一个对象
User user = new User("jam1", 18, "男");
String str = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(user);
return str;
}
}
9.2、Jackson乱码问题
在springmvc文件中配置(我们这里是springmvc-servlet.xml)
<!--Jackson乱码问题配置-->
<mvc:annotation-driven>
<mvc:message-converters register-defaults="true">
<beanclass="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
<constructor-arg value="UTF-8"/>
</bean>
<beanclass="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
<property name="objectMapper">
<beanclass="org.springframework.http.converter.json.Jackson2ObjectMapperFactoryBean">
<property name="failOnEmptyBeans" value="false"/>
</bean>
</property>
</bean>
</mvc:message-converters>
</mvc:annotation-driven>
9.3、封装JackUtils
工具类 JsonUtils.java
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializationFeature;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
public class JsonUtils {
public static String getJson(Object object){
return getJson(object,"yyyy-HH-dd HH:mm:ss");
}
public static String getJson(Object object,String dateFormat){
ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
objectMapper.configure(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS,false);
//自定义日期格式
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(dateFormat);
objectMapper.setDateFormat(sdf);
try {
return objectMapper.writeValueAsString(object);
} catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
}
调用方法
public String json3(){
Date date = new Date();
//return JsonUtils.getJson(date);
return JsonUtils.getJson(date,"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
}
10、FastJson
项目:spring-05-json
导包:
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.68</version>
</dependency>
使用方式一:
//FastJson
@RequestMapping("/j3")
public String json3() throws JsonProcessingException {
List<User> userList = new ArrayList<User>();
User user1 = new User("jam1", 18, "男");
User user2 = new User("jam2", 18, "男");
User user3 = new User("jam3", 18, "男");
userList.add(user1);
userList.add(user2);
userList.add(user3);
String string = JSON.toJSONString(userList);
return string;
}
具体方式:
System.out.println("*******Java对象 转 JSON字符串*******");
String str1 = JSON.toJSONString(list);
System.out.println("JSON.toJSONString(list)==>"+str1);
String str2 = JSON.toJSONString(user1);
System.out.println("JSON.toJSONString(user1)==>"+str2);
System.out.println("\n****** JSON字符串 转 Java对象*******");
User jp_user1=JSON.parseObject(str2,User.class);
System.out.println("JSON.parseObject(str2,User.class)==>"+jp_user1);
System.out.println("\n****** Java对象 转 JSON对象 ******");
JSONObject jsonObject1 = (JSONObject) JSON.toJSON(user2);
System.out.println("(JSONObject) JSON.toJSON(user2)==>"+jsonObject1.getString("name"));
System.out.println("\n****** JSON对象 转 Java对象 ******");
User to_java_user = JSON.toJavaObject(jsonObject1, User.class);
System.out.println("JSON.toJavaObject(jsonObject1, User.class)==>"+to_java_user);
下一章:点击访问
本文共 1064 个字数,平均阅读时长 ≈ 3分钟
评论 (0)